![]() ![]() The bombing reduced the population by 93% mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire millennia-old city center. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II. Prior to World War II, the city had undergone occupations by the French (1794–1815) and the British (1918–1926), and was part of Prussia beginning in 1815. ![]() It was one of the largest European cities in medieval and renaissance times. Cologne was a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire and one of the major members of the trade union Hanseatic League. During the Middle Ages the city flourished as being located on one of the most important major trade routes between east and western Europe (including the Brabant Road, Via Regia and Publica). Cologne functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462. Cologne, the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. Agrippina was later dropped (except in Latin), and Colonia became the name of the city in its own right, which developed into modern German as Köln. ![]() The cityscape is further shaped by the Twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne, and Cologne is famous for Eau de Cologne, that has been produced in the city since 1709, and "cologne" has since come to be a generic term.Ĭologne was founded and established in Germanic Ubii territory in the 1st century CE as the Roman Colonia Agrippina, hence its name. The city's medieval Catholic Cologne Cathedral ( Kölner Dom), the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world, constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings, is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe. ![]()
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